Performance Analysis and Design of Direct Ammonia Fuel Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell for Shipborne Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Ammonia is being considered as a promising alternative to hydrogen fuel in solid oxide cells (SOFCs) due its stability and ease of storage transportation. This study investigates the feasibility using ammonia tubular SOFC for shipborne unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The paper develops 3D model tubular-anode-supported single cell conducts numerical simulations analyze impact different operating conditions on performance. optimizes SOFC’s performance by adjusting working parameters overall structure, revealing that increasing temperature porosity enhance performance, but excessively high values can cause deterioration instability cell. also finds cathode-supported (CS)-SOFC outperforms anode-supported (AS)-SOFC, mainly thicker cathode layer, providing better sealing oxygen supply, resulting more uniform current density distribution. provides valuable insights into potential use UAVs offers foundation future research development field SOFCs. results indicate battery excessive highlights with significant improvement observed range 0.6–0.8 V. Additionally, CS-SOFC AS-SOFC both have development.